NSNDBIG
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| BIG LEAF MAPLE (Acer macrophyllum) |
| Massive leaves are up to 15" across, the largest for a maple. Big, fast growing tree, juveniles can grow up to 3 ft. a year and slowing down later in life. Reaching heights of 50-100 ft. Casts dense shade with its 50 ft. spreading canopy. Golden yellow autumn foliage, leaves are very richly nutrient and are prefect for compost use. Provides food and shelter for wildlife year-round. Valued for lumber and fuel. Big Leaf Maples produce a sweet sap for maple syrup but are somewhat limited for production. Long-lived, with some reaching 300 years old. Native from Alaska to California and very common in the Pacific Northwest landscape. Zone 5-8. |
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NSNDBLCOT
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| BLACK COTTONWOOD (Populus trichocarpa) |
| Fastest growing northwest native large tree. Likes moist soil and full sun. Aggressive roots can disturb concrete and invade water lines. Black Cottonwood can grow up to 45 ft. in the first 7 years and up to 200 ft. tall maximum at mature height. Zone 5-9. |
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NSNDBLHAW
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| BLACK HAWTHORN (Crataegus douglasii) |
| Large shrub or small tree with profuse apple-like white blossoms turning to ½ " long black fruits appreciated by birds in fall and winter. Thorny branches. Bushy growth to about 20 ft. tall but can be pruned to a shrub-sized hedge. Black Hawthorn trees are North American natives and most common in the Pacific Northwest. Also known as Douglas' Thornapple after explorer David Douglas. Zone 5-9. |
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NSOAORE
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| OREGON WHITE OAK (Quercus garryana) |
| Tough, drought tolerant, Northwest native, dark green leathery leaves, gray bark. Oregon White Oak is a big majestic spreading shade tree. Zone 6-9. |
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NSNDPACCRA
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| PACIFIC CRABAPPLE (Malus fusca) |
| Able to grow in very wet sites, hence the alternate name Swamp Crabapple. Suitable as a rootstock for apples on sites otherwise too wet. Widely adapted West Coast native from California to Alaska. Pacific Crabapple doesn’t require wet ground. Tiny tart fruits for jelly or for the birds. Zone 5-8. |
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NSNDPACDO
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| PACIFIC DOGWOOD (Cornus nuttallii) |
| Our West Coast native dogwood is the largest of all dogwoods, growing to heights of 30-50 ft. by 25 ft. wide. Large white flowers in spring have 4-8 false petals surrounding the true flowers, which are found in the yellow centers. Occasionally reblooming in early fall. Produces rosy red berries. Nice autumn foliage. Prefers shade and makes for a wonderful understory tree, white blossoms glow under dappled sunlight in the forest and shine in the moonlight. Attractive, flowering addition to a Pacific Northwest native planting. Native dogwoods are dying from dogwood anthracnose, a nonnative fungal disease that slowly kills the tree limb by limb. To minimalize chances for disease impact, grow only in ideal conditions; good drainage, deep soil that is high in organic matter, dry summers with no supplemental watering once established, avoid pruning or other stress. Bark and wood is traditionally important to indigenous people and used in the making of tools such as bows and arrows. Bark contains tannin which can be used in dyes. Small well rooted seedlings. Also called Western Dogwood, Mountain Dogwood, or California Dogwood. Hardy to -30°F. Zone 4-9. |
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NSNDPACWIL
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| PACIFIC WILLOW (Salix lasiandra) |
| Fast growing wetland tree native to northern and western North America. Leaves are long and narrow, glossy dark green but dull and pale gray on the underside. Yellow catkins appear after the leaves emerge. Attracts bees. Black bark on older specimens. Good for stabilizing banks. Pacific Willow can be found on both sides of the Cascades. Grows on average to 15-30 ft. or more. Zone 3-9. |
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NSNDPAP
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| PAPER BIRCH (Betula papytifera) |
| Small to mid-sized native tree with attractive, smooth white bark peeling in papery layers. Historically used for canoe making and basketry. Native peoples chewed birch resin containing zylitol; a disinfectant now used in oral hygiene preparations. In Canada and Alaska, the sap from Paper Birch is tapped to make syrup and various drinks. Golden fall color. Zone 2-8. |
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NSNDRDALD
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| RED ALDER (Alnus rubra) |
| Most commercial hardwood tree native to the Pacific Northwest. Has an extremely rapid growth, typically 80 ft. tall in 25 years. Wood makes good indoor furniture and is a clean burning firewood. Red Alder is also a nitrogen fixer; it will grow in infertile ground and make it more fertile. Likes moist ground. Zone 3-8. |
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NSNDVIN
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| VINE MAPLE (Acer circinatum) |
| Native to western North America and very common in the Maritime Northwest as an under story tree that grows below other much taller forest tree and conifers. A very colorful small multi-stemmed shrub or small tree growing to about only 15-20 ft. New growth in the spring has a reddish tinge, followed by small flower clusters. Large, broad leaves are up to 6" wide. Inconspicuous red flowers resemble columbines and provide nectar for beneficial insects, butterflies and bees. Seeds, buds and flowers attract wildlife. Makes a great nesting site for birds. Paired winged seed pods (called samaras) in summer look like red bow ties. Bright yellow to orange-red and glows in sunlight in autumn. Great for erosion control. Vine Maple is similar looking to a Japanese Fullmoon Maple and can be used to similar affect in Japanese themed gardens. Dried wood is very hard, used by tool makers and traditionally used by Native Americans for tools and basket weaving. Tolerant of shade or sun. Hardy to -25° F. Zone 5-9. |
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